Agricultural systems are no longer evaluated solely on the basis of the food they provide, but also on their capacity to limit impacts on the environment, such as soil conservation, water quality and biodiversity conservation, as well as their contribution to mitigating and adapting to climate change. In order to cope with these multiple service functions, they must internalize the costs and benefits of their environmental impact. Payments for ecosystem services are hoped to encourage and promote sustainable practices via financial incentives. The authors show that while the principle is straightforward, the practice is much more complicated. Whereas scenic beauty and protection of water sources provide benefits to the local population, carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation can be considered international public goods, rendering potential payment schemes more complex. Few examples exist where national or international bodies have been able to set up viable mechanisms that compensate agricultural systems for the environmental services they provide. However this book provides several examples of successful programs, and aims to transfer them to other regions of the world. The authors show that a product can be sold if it is clearly quantified, there exists a means to determine the service's values, and there is a willing buyer. The first two sections of the book present methodological issues related to the quantification and marketing of ecosystem services from agriculture, including agroforestry. The third and final section presents case studies of practical payments for ecosystem services and experiences in Central and South America, and draws some lessons learnt for effective and sustainable development of ecosystem services compensation mechanisms.

First published in English in 1970, the first chapter of the book is concerned with conditioned reactions. Jean Francois le Ny discusses ways in which conditioned reactions are acquired and the laws governing their function. The second contributor, Gerard de Montpellier, looks at different types of learning. The varying processes involved in both animal and human learning are considered, together with some general factors and mechanisms of learning. The third section of the book by Genevieve Oleron deals with the phenomenon of transfer. Among the topics included are the determination of transfer effects, transfer in perceptual-motor activities and explanations of transfer. In the final chapter, Cesar Flores examines memory, forgetting and reminiscence. The discussion covers methodology, the influence of material, the role of practice, the part played by attitudes, motivation and emotive reactions in the memory process, as well as the importance of organisation of memory tasks on the part of the subject.

An increase in major natural disasters-and the growing number of damaging events involving gas, electric, water, and other utilities-has led to heightened concerns about utility operations and public safety. Due to today's complex, compliance-based environment, utility managers and planners often find it difficult to plan for the action needed to help ensure organization-wide resilience and meet consumer expectations during these incidents. Emergency Planning Guide for Utilities, Second Edition offers a working guide that presents new and field-tested approaches to plan development, training, exercising, and emergency program management. The book will help utility planners, trainers, and responders-as well as their vendors and suppliers-to more effectively prepare for damaging events and improve the level of the utility's resilience. It also focuses on planning needed in the National Incident Management System and ICS environment that many utilities are embracing going forward. In doing so, utilities will be able to improve the customer experience while reducing the impact that damaging events have on the utility's infrastructure, people, and resources.

Agricultural systems are no longer evaluated solely on the basis of the food they provide, but also on their capacity to limit impacts on the environment, such as soil conservation, water quality and biodiversity conservation, as well as their contribution to mitigating and adapting to climate change. In order to cope with these multiple service functions, they must internalize the costs and benefits of their environmental impact. Payments for ecosystem services are hoped to encourage and promote sustainable practices via financial incentives.

The authors show that while the principle is straightforward, the practice is much more complicated. Whereas scenic beauty and protection of water sources provide benefits to the local population, carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation can be considered international public goods, rendering potential payment schemes more complex. Few examples exist where national or international bodies have been able to set up viable mechanisms that compensate agricultural systems for the environmental services they provide. However this book provides several examples of successful programs, and aims to transfer them to other regions of the world. The authors show that a product can be sold if it is clearly quantified, there exists a means to determine the service's values, and there is a willing buyer.

The first two sections of the book present methodological issues related to the quantification and marketing of ecosystem services from agriculture, including agroforestry. The third and final section presents case studies of practical payments for ecosystem services and experiences in Central and South America, and draws some lessons learnt for effective and sustainable development of ecosystem services compensation mechanisms.

Lagom is a uniquely Swedish term that doesn't have an English equivalent (Which I find to be pretty common, the Swedish language has denser words that the English language usually uses two or three words to describe.) Not only does it not translate perfectly but its just a very Swedish idea, or feeling. A popular etymological translation is "around the team" meaning enough food or drink for everyone at the table, this translation is said to go back to Viking times. Lagom is "Just enough," "Not too much or too little," "Just right," "Enough to go around," "Fair share." It indicates balance. Lagom doesn't have the negative connotation of "sufficient" nor does it claim perfection SHARE LAGOM contains 50 inspired artworks carefully selected amongst the best up-and-coming first time published artists. Following the success of SHARE Vol. 1 &2 this third installment combines the winning concept of high quality prints on perforated pages with the trendy theme of Lagom. Each featured artist presents a single piece of work along with companion text in a two page format. The specially designed LAGOM size book is optimized for its intended purpose: every page's perforation encourages readers to pull them as individual works of art. 1 A chance to offer an elegant, modern volume which transforms the pages into high quality art prints ready for hanging. 2 An original way to experience and share the culture and art of Scandinavia, the main inspiration of Lagom, within and beyond the borders of publishing. 3 The first of the SHARE series as a special edition. Half price, smaller, more flexible, but keep the high quality of the content and the paper. 4 Lagom is the new Hugge.

First published in English in 1970, the first chapter of the book is concerned with conditioned reactions. Jean Francois le Ny discusses ways in which conditioned reactions are acquired and the laws governing their function.

The second contributor, Gerard de Montpellier, looks at different types of learning. The varying processes involved in both animal and human learning are considered, together with some general factors and mechanisms of learning. The third section of the book by Genevieve Oleron deals with the phenomenon of transfer. Among the topics included are the determination of transfer effects, transfer in perceptual-motor activities and explanations of transfer. In the final chapter, Cesar Flores examines memory, forgetting and reminiscence. The discussion covers methodology, the influence of material, the role of practice, the part played by attitudes, motivation and emotive reactions in the memory process, as well as the importance of organisation of memory tasks on the part of the subject."

This book offers a rigorous and self-contained presentation of stochastic integration and stochastic calculus within the general framework of continuous semimartingales. The main tools of stochastic calculus, including Ito's formula, the optional stopping theorem and Girsanov's theorem, are treated in detail alongside many illustrative examples. The book also contains an introduction to Markov processes, with applications to solutions of stochastic differential equations and to connections between Brownian motion and partial differential equations. The theory of local times of semimartingales is discussed in the last chapter. Since its invention by Ito, stochastic calculus has proven to be one of the most important techniques of modern probability theory, and has been used in the most recent theoretical advances as well as in applications to other fields such as mathematical finance. Brownian Motion, Martingales, and Stochastic Calculus provides a strong theoretical background to the reader interested in such developments. Beginning graduate or advanced undergraduate students will benefit from this detailed approach to an essential area of probability theory. The emphasis is on concise and efficient presentation, without any concession to mathematical rigor. The material has been taught by the author for several years in graduate courses at two of the most prestigious French universities. The fact that proofs are given with full details makes the book particularly suitable for self-study. The numerous exercises help the reader to get acquainted with the tools of stochastic calculus.

Sticky Pictures examines and celebrates the evolving work of Montreal-based artist Janet Werner. In her paintings, Werner builds a constellation of spatial and figurative explorations drawn from fashion magazines and art history to create collage-like composite figures that slip easily between articulations of beauty, gender, psychology and emotion. Werner's painterly operations are both unsettling and seductive, revealing the conditions of perception and looking as passageways to understanding the intensity of the world at hand. Werner's unique combination of abstraction, fictional portraiture, and the rich history of painting are explored in Sticky Pictures through texts by art and media historians, as well as an interview with the artist. Janet Werner's work has been featured in international solo exhibitions from New York to Los Angeles and as far away as Cape Town. Her work was included in the Prague Biennale in 2003 and is featured in the collections of the Musee national des beaux-arts du Quebec, Musee d'art contemporain in Montreal, The Art Gallery of Ontario in Toronto, Winnipeg Art Gallery, the Canadian Embassy in Berlin, the University of Lethbridge, Owens Art Gallery in Sackville, the Mendel Art Gallery in Saskatoon, Dunlop Art Gallery in Regina, McEvoy Foundation for the Arts in San Francisco, and numerous private and corporate collections. Werner lives and works in Montreal.

The text includes a presentation of the measure-valued branching processes also called superprocesses and of their basic properties. In the important quadratic branching case, the path-valued process known as the Brownian snake is used to give a concrete and powerful representation of superprocesses. This representation is applied to several connections with a class of semilinear partial differential equations. On the one hand, these connections give insight into properties of superprocesses. On the other hand, the probabilistic point of view sometimes leads to new analytic results, concerning for instance the trace classification of positive solutions in a smooth domain. An important tool is the analysis of random trees coded by linear Brownian motion. This includes the so-called continuum random tree and leads to the fractal random measure known as ISE, which has appeared recently in several limit theorems for models of statistical mechanics. This book is intended for postgraduate students and researchers in probability theory. It will also be of interest to mathematical physicists or specialists of PDE who want to learn about probabilistic methods. No prerequisites are assumed except for some familiarity with Brownian motion and the basic facts of the theory of stochastic processes. Although the text includes no new results, simplified versions of existing proofs are provided in several instances.

CONTENTS: M.I. Freidlin: Semi-linear PDE's and limit theorems for large deviations.- J.F. Le Gall: Some properties of planar Brownian motion.

This book offers a rigorous and self-contained presentation of stochastic integration and stochastic calculus within the general framework of continuous semimartingales. The main tools of stochastic calculus, including Ito's formula, the optional stopping theorem and Girsanov's theorem, are treated in detail alongside many illustrative examples. The book also contains an introduction to Markov processes, with applications to solutions of stochastic differential equations and to connections between Brownian motion and partial differential equations. The theory of local times of semimartingales is discussed in the last chapter. Since its invention by Ito, stochastic calculus has proven to be one of the most important techniques of modern probability theory, and has been used in the most recent theoretical advances as well as in applications to other fields such as mathematical finance. Brownian Motion, Martingales, and Stochastic Calculus provides a strong theoretical background to the reader interested in such developments. Beginning graduate or advanced undergraduate students will benefit from this detailed approach to an essential area of probability theory. The emphasis is on concise and efficient presentation, without any concession to mathematical rigor. The material has been taught by the author for several years in graduate courses at two of the most prestigious French universities. The fact that proofs are given with full details makes the book particularly suitable for self-study. The numerous exercises help the reader to get acquainted with the tools of stochastic calculus.

This textbook introduces readers to the fundamental notions of modern probability theory. The only prerequisite is a working knowledge in real analysis. Highlighting the connections between martingales and Markov chains on one hand, and Brownian motion and harmonic functions on the other, this book provides an introduction to the rich interplay between probability and other areas of analysis. Arranged into three parts, the book begins with a rigorous treatment of measure theory, with applications to probability in mind. The second part of the book focuses on the basic concepts of probability theory such as random variables, independence, conditional expectation, and the different types of convergence of random variables. In the third part, in which all chapters can be read independently, the reader will encounter three important classes of stochastic processes: discrete-time martingales, countable state-space Markov chains, and Brownian motion. Each chapter ends with a selection of illuminating exercises of varying difficulty. Some basic facts from functional analysis, in particular on Hilbert and Banach spaces, are included in the appendix. Measure Theory, Probability, and Stochastic Processes is an ideal text for readers seeking a thorough understanding of basic probability theory. Students interested in learning more about Brownian motion, and other continuous-time stochastic processes, may continue reading the author's more advanced textbook in the same series (GTM 274).

Cet ouvrage propose une approche concise mais complete de la theorie de l'integrale stochastique dans le cadre general des semimartingales continues. Apres une introduction au mouvement brownien et a ses principales proprietes, les martingales et les semimartingales continues sont presentees en detail avant la construction de l'integrale stochastique. Les outils du calcul stochastique, incluant la formule d'Ito, le theoreme d'arret et de nombreuses applications, sont traites de maniere rigoureuse. Le livre contient aussi un chapitre sur les processus de Markov et un autre sur les equations differentielles stochastiques, avec une preuve detaillee des proprietes markoviennes des solutions. De nombreux exercices permettent au lecteur de se familiariser avec les techniques du calcul stochastique.

This book offers a rigorous and self-contained approach to the theory of stochastic integration and stochastic calculus within the general framework of continuous semimartingales. The main tools of stochastic calculus, including Ito's formula, the optional stopping theorem and the Girsanov theorem are treated in detail including many important applications. Two chapters are devoted to general Markov processes and to stochastic differential equations, with a complete derivation of Markovian properties of solutions in the Lipschitz case. Numerous exercises help the reader to get acquainted with the techniques of stochastic calculus."

In this translation of the groundbreaking Le Chant Intime, internationally renowned baritone Francois Le Roux, in conversation with journalist Romain Raynaldy, presents a master class on French art song, with a thorough analysis of 60 selected songs that deviate from the traditionally narrow repertoire of the melodie genre. Taking an approach that goes far beyond the typical limiting conventions, Le Roux and Raynaldy adhere to composer Francis Poulenc's principle that a song should always be "a love affair, not an arranged marriage." Neither theoretical nor purely academic, this guide instills in its readers a deep appreciation for the historical and artistic context of each piece by enriching each analysis with the full text of the lyrical poem and several musical examples, as well as fascinating details of historic premieres, concert halls, singers and poets. Paired with intensive and practical notes related to the nuances of melody and vocal delivery, each analysis provides an essential reference for performers and listeners alike. The translation is due to the expertise of musicologist and pianist Sylvia Kahan, Professor of Music at the Graduate Center and College of Staten Island, CUNY.